A stopwatch or timer (for tracking total time, though there is no strict time limit). Step-by-Step Instructions
Over the decades, several formal scoring systems have been developed to standardize and improve the test's clinical utility.
Card A is presented first. Once the examinee finishes drawing, Card 1 is placed on top of it, and the process continues sequentially through Card 8.
Developed by Patricia Lacks, this adaptation was designed to screen adults for organic brain damage. It looks for 12 specific signs of neuro-impairment, such as severe simplification, closure difficulty, and motor incoordination. Bender Gestalt Test Cards.pdf
While different scoring manuals may number them differently, the standard figures generally follow this progression:
Various configurations including rows of dots, intersecting lines, wavy patterns, and hexagonal shapes.
The Bender Gestalt Test is a widely used psychological assessment tool that has been used to evaluate cognitive functioning, particularly in the areas of visual-motor skills and cognitive development. While the test has several applications, it also has limitations, including a lack of standardization, cultural bias, and limited scope. Further research is needed to develop more comprehensive and culturally sensitive assessment tools. A stopwatch or timer (for tracking total time,
Your (e.g., student, licensed psychologist)
: An arrowhead-shaped configuration of progressive dots.
The Bender Gestalt Test was developed by Lauretta Bender, a German-American psychologist, in 1938. Bender was influenced by the work of Gestalt psychologists, who emphasized the importance of understanding the whole rather than the parts. She created a set of nine geometric figures, known as the Bender Gestalt Test cards, which are used to assess an individual's ability to reproduce and integrate visual stimuli. Once the examinee finishes drawing, Card 1 is
Do you need information on a (like Koppitz or Lacks)?
The standard test consists of , each featuring a unique geometric design (labeled A and 1 through 8). Design A: A circle and a diamond touching.